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Orientation cues used by ants

Modalités d'orientation utilisées par les fourmis

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Summary

The cues used for orientation during homing were examined in ants from 3 subfamilies, i.e.Atta laevigata, Acromyrmex octospinosus, Acromyrmex rugosus, Trachymyrmex urichi; Ectatomma ruidum andPseudomyrmex termitarius, by means of a Y-maze experiment. The results showed that ants use various cues for orientation through a maze. For each ant species, the cues may be classified in a kind of species-specific hierarchy according to their importance during homing. In addition to visual and chemical orientation, empirical evidence supporting the existence of a topochemical is presented.P. termitarius uses a kinesthetic sense for orientation. Learning of the cues in the laboratory is not directly related to the respective hierarchy used for orientation through a maze by each species, but seems to be inversely correlated with the social complexity of the species. The number of cues used for orientation correlates directly with the social complexity of the species. A divergent evolutionary development of orientation strategies, even among closely related species, is proposed.

Resume

Les modalités d'orientation utilisées dans le retour au nid sont étudiées au moyen de labyrinthes en Y dans 3 sous-familles de fourmis:Atta laevigata, Acromyrmex octospinosus, Acromyrmex rugosus, Trachymyrmex urichi, Ectatomma ruidum etPseudomyrmex termitarius. Les résultats montrent que les insectes utilisent plusieurs stratégies pour s'orienter dans le labyrinthe. Pour chaque espèce, les différentes modalités sont classées par ordre d'importance dans leur utilisation lors du retour au nid. Outre les repères visuels et chimiques, apparaît l'existence d'une orientation topochimique.P. termitarius utilise dans son orientation un sens kinesthétique. L'apprentissage des repères par la fourmi au laboratoire n'est pas en relation directe avec la hiérarchie des modalités d'orientation utilisées par chaque espèce dans le labyrinthe et apparaît en corrélation inverse avec la complexité sociale des espèces; le nombre de repères utilisés augmente par contre avec le degré évolutif de l'insecte. Une évolution divergente de ces stratégies d'orientation, même dans des espèces proches phylogénétiquement, est proposée.

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Jaffé, K., Ramos, C., Lagalla, C. et al. Orientation cues used by ants. Ins. Soc 37, 101–115 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02224024

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